Intern ail-combtjstion engine



H. L. MEEDER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION man FEB. n. 1918.

1,310,919; Patented July 22,1919.

4 ZSHEETS-SHEETI.

I I i I I v i I I l NW N,

run cow/um vmmmum'u c0 WASHINGTON, D. c.

H. L. M EEDER.

'INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. H, 1918.

Patented July 22, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 51mm flmfimrl. M55009? UNITED STATES PATENT orn on.

HERBERT L. MEEDER, OF DENVER, COLORADO, ASSIGNO R OF ONE-HALF IO LEWISS.

HALL, OF. DENVER, COLORADO.

INTEBNALCOMBUSTION EN GIN-E.

I To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HERBERT L; MEEDER, acitizen of the UnitedStates,residing. at the city and county of Denver and State of Colorado, haveinvented certain new and useful. Improvements in 'Internal-Combus tionEngines; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription ofthe invention, such as will enable others skilled intheart to which it appertains to i make and use'the same, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, andto the characters ofreference marked, thereon,

ing the. outward movement of the piston,

which form a part of this specification.

.My invention; relates to improvements in internal combustion engines,my object belubricating vapor or fluid is drawn into the subjectedto adouble compression within the cylinder, the charge of mixture beingdrawn into the cylinder below the piston during the upward or outwardmovement thereof and compressed during the downward stroke before theintake port above the piston is opened, after whichthe pre-" viouslycompressed mixture rushes into the 9 internal combustion engine shownpartly in section and partly in elevation, the left hand side beingshown in central longitudicylinder above or beyond. the piston and just'before the explosion takes place. The initial compression of theexplosive mixture within the cylinder below the piston serves to producea more nearly perfect mixture,

since thegasolene or other fluid employed is vaporized or thoroughlyintermingled with the air or oxygen, before enteringrthe.

' illustrating duction port.

reciprocation of a piston as distinguished from a four cycle enginewhere'two complete-- reclprocations' of the piston occur for eachexploslon which takes place. Hence, 1n a four cylinder engine, forinstance, I get as many BXPlOSIOIISfOI an equal number of pistonreciprocations, as occur in an eight.

cylinder four cycle engine.

Another fGatHIQOf my improvement con sists in.means'for automaticallylubricating the. cylinders and pistons during the opera-- -,tons*butshown on Figs. 1 and-2.

lower extremities;

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented July 22, 1919,ApplicationfiledFebruary 11, 1918. Serial N 0. 216,527.

tion of the engine, an oil duct being provided which leads fromthechamber of the crankcase to an exterior offset portion of the cylinder,whereby an annular cavity is formed around the piston assoon as the lat:ter. begins its inward movement. Again, the inner head of each cylinderis provided with a -sleeve through which the piston. stem passes, thepiston beingjprovided with an annular cavity around the stem toreceivethis sleeve, this cavity being closed by the approach of theouter end of the hollow piston during its inward movement; However,durthis cavity gradually opens with the result that a partial vacuum isformed, whereby said cavity through a longitudinal passage in the'piston stem which communicates at r oneextremit-y with the chamber ofthe crank case and at its opposite extremity with the outer end of thecavity in the piston.

Other features of novelty. will be set forth in detail as thisspecification proceeds.

Having briefly outlined my improvement I will now describe the same indetail reference being made to the accompanying drawing in which isillustrated an embodiment thereof. In this drawing Figure 1 is anelevation of my improved nal' section through the cylinders, while thei. right hand side is in elevation.

Fig. 2 is a cross section taken on the line 22, 1 looking toward theright.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary section the check valve-controlled in-Fig. 4 is a fragmentary section taken through the outer portion of oneof the pisa larger scale than in Fig. 5 is a view looking in thedirection -ofarrows 5, Fig. 4.

The same reference characters indicate the same partsin all the views.

Let the numeral 5 designate the crank case of my improved internalcombustion -"engine and 6 the crank shaft, the cranks 7 being connectedthrough themedium of pitmen 8 with cross heads 9 "slidably in guidecasings 10which are open at their The cross head extremities of thepitmen 8 are jointed to the cross heads 9 to permit the necessaryoscillating movement incident to the connection of the pitmen with thecranks of the shaft, while the crossheads move in the guide-casmgsin adirect line. Each cross head is rigidly connected with the innerextremity of a piston stem 12 which passes through an opening 13 in thetop of the crank case and a registering opening 14 in the inner head 15of each cylinder 16, the outer extremity of the stem extending through acentral annular cavity in the piston'18, the outer extremity of thestem-being secured, as

'shown'at 17, to the outer end of the piston.

The inner head 15 of each cylinder is provided with an outwardlyextending sleeve 19 through which the piston stem passes," thesaidsleeve extending'outwardly beyond the head far enough to remain in thecavity of the iston when the latter is at its outward limit of movement,as shown at' the extreme left of Fig. 1.v The piston stem is perforatedlongitudinally to form a- 'passage 20 which communicates at its innerextrem ity with the chamber of the crank case and at its outer extremitythrough a port 21 with the cavity 22 of the piston, By virtue f of thisconstruction oil or vapor oil is drawn from the crank case into thecavity 22 by virtueof the'fact that" as the piston moves outwardlywithin the cylinder, the cavity 22 is gradually opened beyond the outerextremlty of the sleeve 19, with the result that a partial vacuum isformed in the cavity'22' into which the necessary oil is drawn from thecrank case" for purposes of lubrication. f

Again, the cylinder is provided intermediate its extremities with anoffset 23 which enlarges the chamber inwardly beyond the offset andtoward the crank case, as shown at 24, the piston having a correspondingoffset at its inner end." When the piston is at its outward limit ofmovement, the cavity or space 24 is practically closed, while as thepiston begins itsinward movement this space is graduallyopened, and oilor vapor of oil from the crank case is drawn thereinto by virtue ofvacuum formed in the said space, the oil passing to the space 24 througha relatively small conduit 25, one extremity of which communicates withthetop of the crank case chamber while its opposite ex i tremitycommunicates with the outer end of the space 24. By virtue of theconstruc tion just described, it is evident that my improved engine isprovided with a vacuum system for automatic lubrication. The

splash in the crank case produceslsufiicient rm the case for oil vaporor fog in the ai proper lubrication,

Each cylinder is in communication at its" inner extremity with a port 26which in-turn 'is incommun'ication with the chamber 27* of a valvecasing 28, the port 26 being controlled for purposes of intake by avalve .58., whose. stem 29 engages the bent end 30 of'a" rod 31connected in operative relation with an eccentric cam 32, whereby thevalve 1s opened and closed at properly timed inter- 35 communicatingwiththe outer portionof the cylinder and so arranged that-as the pistonapproachesits inward limit of movementthe explosive mixture whichhas enteredthe inner extremity of the cylinder through the port 26, will firstbe compressed andafterward passed by way ofthe con duit 34 into thecylinder chamber outwardly beyond the piston, after Lwhich the-ipistonagain moves outwardly. A checkvalve 37 is employed to introduceatmospheric air into each induction conduit 34 duringthe outwardmovement of the piston, the eas- A ing 39 being connected with the wallof the cylinder through the medium of a nippl'e 4O which is threadedinto an opening which intersects the outer extremity of the passagethrough the conduit 34. A spring 38 located within the casing 39 actsupon the check valve 37 to hold the latternormally closed against theentrance of-atmospheric air through a' small passage l 41.

The function of this check valve construcexplosive mixture from theinner extremity of the cylinder starts toward the outer "ex tremityofthe cylinder through the conduit 34,.a column of atmospheric air in thecon- "communication with an exhaust conduit or .duit 34 will be in frontof it. "The cylinder is also'provide'd with an exhaust port 42 whichbegins to open slightly inadvance of manifold'43 which maybe suitablyposi tioned and arrangedwith reference to the convenient discharge ofthe refuse" "prbduets V of combustion when the engine is in use.

The other extremity of the pi'stonfis pro vided with anouter'projection44 which 'is curved to form in conjunction "with th'adacent wall of thecylinder asp-ace 45 which is open toward the, outer extremity of thecylinder. Hence, during the inward move 1 ment ofthe piston aftereachexplosion whlch'ocours at the outer extremity of the coveredandtheexhaustthrough the conduit or manifold}?43fcemmences, andimmediately afterward a b1mnn ereirn0m the conduit 34 begins to enterthe cylinder through 1 the uncovered port 35, said column of airentering th'e'cylinderin advance of the explosive mixture from the. Ainner extremity=" 0f the cylinder, the ceiumn or an being deflectedoutwardly by the projection 44 andacting on the'refuse; products ofcombustion to scavenge the explosioncompartmentof'the cylinder, wherebythereis" a layer or stratum; of

atmospheric air between the explosive mixture and"the refuseproducts ofcombustion as theexplosive mixtur is entering the outer orjexplosi'oncompartment of the cylinder,

This explosive mixture aslit enters the cylinder immediately engages thedeflector 44 of the piston {and is j directed outwardly toward the outerextremity of V the cylinder,

andfby virtue of constructionthe ex:

plosive mixture first passes to the outer extremity. of the cylinder andby. virtueIof this fact gets beyond, so to speak; the aforesaid stratum.ofair'andas the explosive charge continues to enter the cylinder itfacilitates the scavengingof'thecylinder of theburned gases. Then,duringthe return or outward movement of the fpiston, the charge ofextions' 51.

From the foregoingldescriptionythe use and operation. of -my Timprov'edjengine will be" readily understood. The explosions in thedifferent-cylindersofthe engine, will, of course, be properlytimed toproduce the best' 1-.esult s,or so thatexplosions in notwo ofthecylinders occur at thesame time.

novel features are concerned, will be understood by direct reference tothe mechanism of a single cylinder. For instance, if I assume that thepiston in the right hand cylinder of the two shown in section in Fig. lis at its inward limit of movement, as shown in the drawing, as itbegins its outward travel, it will draw a charge of explosive gas intothe'end of the cylinder ad] acent the crank case through the inductionport 26, and this will continue until the piston reaches its outwardlimit of movement. At the same time the conduit 34 is filled withatmospheric'f air which I enters said I conduit through thesmallport 41,the valve 37 having been unseated by the suction in'the innercompartment of the cylinder," this filling-of the conduit with theatmospheric air' occ'urringsimultaneously with -th'e filling off theinner compartment of the cylinder with explo'siv'emixture through theport 26. During the return movement of the piston the valve 28 whichcontrols the said inlet port will remain closed by virtue of the tensionof the spring 33 and the jpressurein the inner compartment of thecylindeifi Hence, thecharge of explosive mixture in the end of .thecylinder adjacent the crank case will be I compressed until thepiston-has moved inwardly f'ar'fenough to. uncover or open the outerin-Q takeport :35! 'As soon aslthis occurs the charge of explosiveIriixture' startstoward the-outer or explosion compartments ofthecylinder 'but"; drives the "column of 1 atmosair in the conduit 34 aheadof it, Hence, this column of air enters the outer compartment ofthecylinderin advance of tliefchargejof explosive mixture and sepa ratessaid charge from the refuse products offcombu'stionfluring thescavenging operation,jwherehyby the time the. cylinder is thordughlyscavenged its outer or explosion compartment will be filled withexplosive mixture ready for compression. Then, as the" piston beginsitsoutward movement, it will again compress the chargeof'ex-plosiveimixture in the outer end of the cylinder and the chargewill then be' ignited. During the inward movement of the piston anothercharge of gas'oranother charge of explosive inixturefisco mpressedwithin the inner portion "ofthe cylinder and the conduit 34 againfi'lledj with atmosphericairfand as soon as? theinduction port 35 isagain uncovered, the columngof air and the explosive mixture rushintotheouter portion of the cylinder and aid in driving out the refuseproducts of combustion as heretofore explained, these productspassingthrough the exhaust port 42-and finally through the exhaust manis-2 u nr "Fro'mthis it will be understood that each charge iof explosive,mixture is twice com;

X pressedwithin the cylinder; First, during The operation of the engineso far as the each inward movement of the piston and afterward duringthe outward movement of the piston, the charge of explosive mixture inthe meantime having passed from the inner or crank case end of thecylinder into the outer or spark plug extremity thereof. By virtue ofthe extra or first compression of the charge of explosive mixture, thegasolene or other fuel is mingled with the air or oxygen element in amost thorough and eflicient manner, whereby the explosive charge isproperly vaporized, before entering the explosion compartment of thecylinder; as soon as it does enter said compartment and is compressed bythe return movement of the piston, it is in penfectcondition to give thebest iresults as :soon as the exp'losion takes p'lace. i 1 Attentioniscalled to the tact thatmy improved construction is a two-cycle enginehaving the inner extremities of (the cylinders closed :or :shut ofi'from the crank case, thus making it practicable (to compress exp losivemixture in the inner extremity of each cylinder. By virtue -.,oi thisclosure the inner extremities of the cylinders, whereby they are cuto'fi' from the crank case, except so ,far ;as is reguiredin order thatthe piston stems may be operatively connected 'with the crank shaft, it.becomes absolutely impossible forany excess of aso lene which may enterthe cylinders an be unburned therein from passing into the crankcase andvitiating the-lubricating material therein. -For instance, on a cold daythe practice is to open the choker to give :a free flow of gasolene foran easy start and the driver frequently. leaves the "choker open. Theresult is a too ,freerflow ofgasolene which does not explode but goesover the piston :and ,down into thelubricating oil where theconstruction will permit of such passage. 'Where the plunger type =03?pump is used .it will "not operate when the lubricant isthin and the oilwill not siphon.

The result of this is bad lubrication or no,

lubrication at all and serious trouble frequently results.

With my improved construction it becomes impossible for any excess of,gasolene' in the cylinders to ,find .its .way into the crank case, andbyv reason of the fact that the charge ofexp'losive mixture is firsttaken into the inner extremity of the cylinder before entering the outeror explosion compartment, if there is any excess of ,gasolene in thecylinders, it will .be utilized with the regular charge and carried tothe explosion compartment of the cylinder, Hence, if there is anexcessof gasolene in the cylinders it will be advantageously utilized in myimproved construction, whereby there will be no loss in this regard,while in the ordinary construction of "engine this excess of gasolene inthe cylinders is worsethan a loss since .it yitiates the lubricating oilthe crank tease and renders it unfit foriuse.

JHavingthusdescr-ibed my invention, what a I 1 i i l 1, l l i 1. 111aniinternal combustion engine, a cylinder, a ;,piston,-ada,pte d toreciprocate therein, the eylinder being offset at an intermediate pointand one end of the piston -be ingotfsetannularly :to fit therein,acombustion chamber ibeing proyided above the piston and a compression:chamber being provided below the ,pistonland offset end portionthereof, there :being' .a connecting pas sage between saidflchambers',the 'spaceibee5 tween "said oifset cylinder portion and, said offset.piston end :portionlbeing (free of communication with each rof said 1chambers, a piston rodjifor-roperating said piston, a sleeve :unitedwith .the .bottomlo'f .said compression chamber :to make a gas-tightjoint, aslecve surroundin said .rod and extending from the bottom *0"the compression cham her up into said piston, the 'lovwer endo'f thepiston, beinguiclosed between the cylinder wall and the sleeve, thelower end of the compression chamber having a fuel-intake passageleading ithereinto.

2. in an internal combustion engine, a

cylinder, a piston attached to reciprocate 30 therein, la combustionchamberbeing provided above the ,piston and acompression chamber beingprovided below the piston, there being a connecting passage between saidchambers, a piston rod for operating 8 said piston, ar esleeve. unitedwith the bottom of said compression chamber to make a gastight jo'int,said sleeve surrounding said piston rod and extending from the bottom ofthe compressionchamber up into said piston, "the lower end of the,piston "between the cylinder wall and "the sleeve being closed to thepassage of gas, the lower end of the compression chamber having afuel-intake passage leading vthereinto. i p

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature;

HERBERT L. MEEDER.

copies of this patent may be obtained for fivQcents each, by addressingthe Commissioner 0! Patients,

Washington, D 01"

